Research & Sources

• Lubricin / PRG4 and boundary lubrication: Waller KA et al., PNAS (2013); Jay GD, Matrix Biology (2014); Reesink HL et al., Arthritis Research & Therapy (2016).
• Hyaluronic acid in joint lubrication: Lin W & Klein J, Acta Biomaterialia (2020); Liu Y et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2020).
• Inflammation & cytokines in osteoarthritis: Goldring MB & Otero M, Current Opinion in Rheumatology (2011); Goldring MB, Arthritis Research & Therapy (2004); De Roover A et al., Osteoarthritis & Cartilage (2023).
• Microgravity and cartilage/joint health: Ganse B et al., NPJ Microgravity (2022); Fitzgerald J, NPJ Microgravity (2017); ISS National Lab release (2024).
• Synovial joint biomechanics (overview): StatPearls (2024); textbook chapter overview.
• Global epidemiology & burden of osteoarthritis: Hunter DJ & Bierma-Zeinstra S, The Lancet (2019).
• Osteoarthritis pathogenesis (primer): Loeser RF et al., Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2016).
• Articular cartilage structure & function: Sophia Fox AJ et al., Sports Health (2009).
• Aging of articular cartilage: Buckwalter JA & Mankin HJ, Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (1997).
• Clinical review, knee OA: Felson DT, New England Journal of Medicine (2006).
• OARSI management recommendations: Zhang W et al., Osteoarthritis & Cartilage (2008/2010 updates).